The premature atrial contraction (PAC) and premature ventricular contraction (PVC) indicate the electrical impulse from an abnormal site specifically, the P wave or QRS morphology of PAC and PVC differs from that in normal heart beats ( Garcia and Miller, 2004, Kobayashi, 2018). First-degree atrioventricular block (I-AVB) is defined as constant PR intervals longer than 0.2 s ( Wesley, 2016). Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is diagnosed by the distinct QRS morphology at leads I, aVL, V1, V2, V5, and V6, whereas right bundle branch block (RBBB) is diagnosed by the rsR′ pattern at V1 and V2 ( Surawicz et al., 2009). For example, atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by the fibrillatory atrial waves and irregular conduction of QRS ( Bayes de Luna et al., 1988, Platonov et al., 2012). The different leads exhibit distinct features of ECG signals that are associated with specific types of CA. A complete ECG usually contains recordings from six limb leads (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF) and six chest leads (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6), with each lead measuring electrical activity from a different angle of the heart, covering both the vertical plane (limb leads) and the horizontal plane (chest leads) ( Malmivuo et al., 1995, Wilson et al., 1954). The diagnosis of CAs is based on wave-like features, such as the P wave, QRS wave, and T wave, of ECGs. CAs are usually diagnosed from electrocardiograms (ECGs), a noninvasive, inexpensive, and widely used clinical method for monitoring heart function. Cardiac arrhythmias (CAs) are harbingers of cardiovascular diseases and the potential associated mortality ( Kibos et al., 2013).
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